Coronaviruses (COVID-19)
What is a
coronavirus?
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses which may cause illness in
animals or humans. The most recently discovered coronavirus causes coronavirus
disease COVID-19.
What is
COVID-19?
COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered
coronavirus. This new virus and disease were unknown before the outbreak began
in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.
What are
the symptoms of COVID-19?
The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, tiredness, and dry cough.
Some patients may have aches and pains, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore
throat or diarrhea. These symptoms are usually mild and begin gradually. Some
people become infected but don’t develop any symptoms and don't feel unwell. Older people, and those with underlying
medical problems like high blood pressure, heart problems or diabetes, are more
likely to develop serious illness. People with fever, cough and difficulty
breathing should seek medical attention.
Can the virus
that causes COVID-19 be transmitted through the air?
Studies to date suggest that the virus that causes COVID-19 is mainly
transmitted through contact with respiratory droplets rather than through the
air.
Can CoVID-19 be
caught from a person who has no symptoms?
The main way the disease spreads is through respiratory droplets expelled
by someone who is coughing. The risk of catching COVID-19 from someone with no
symptoms at all is very low.
Protection measures for everyone
Stay aware of the
latest information on the COVID-19 outbreak, available on the WHO website and
through your national and local public health authority. You can reduce your
chances of being infected or spreading COVID-19 by taking some simple
precautions:
- Regularly and thoroughly clean your hands or wash them with soap and water.
- Maintain at least 1 metre (3 feet) distance between yourself and anyone who is coughing or sneezing.
- Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth.
- Make sure you, and the people around you, follow good respiratory hygiene.
- Stay home if you feel unwell. If you have a fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical attention and call in advance.
Who is at
risk of developing severe illness?
While we are still learning about how COVID-2019 affects people, older
persons and persons with pre-existing medical conditions (such as high blood
pressure, heart disease, lung disease, cancer or diabetes) appear to
develop serious illness more often than others.
Are
antibiotics effective in preventing or treating the COVID-19?
No. Antibiotics do not work against viruses, they only work on bacterial
infections.
Should I
wear a mask to protect myself?
Only wear a mask if you are ill with COVID-19 symptoms (especially
coughing) or looking after someone who may have COVID-19. Disposable face mask
can only be used once. If you are not ill or looking after someone who is ill
then you are wasting a mask.
The most effective ways to protect yourself and others against COVID-19 are
to frequently clean your hands, cover your cough with the bend of elbow or
tissue and maintain a distance of at least 1 meter (3 feet) from people who are
coughing or sneezing.
How to put
on, use, take off and dispose of a mask?
- Remember, a mask should only be used by health workers, care takers, and individuals with respiratory symptoms, such as fever and cough.
- Before touching the mask, clean hands or soap and water
- Take the mask and inspect it for tears or holes.
- Orient which side is the top side (where the metal strip is).
- Ensure the proper side of the mask faces outwards (the coloured side).
- Place the mask to your face. Pinch the metal strip or stiff edge of the mask so it moulds to the shape of your nose.
- Pull down the mask’s bottom so it covers your mouth and your chin.
- After use, take off the mask; remove the elastic loops from behind the ears while keeping the mask away from your face and clothes, to avoid touching potentially contaminated surfaces of the mask.
- Discard the mask in a closed bin immediately after use.
How long
is the incubation period for COVID-19?
The “incubation period” means the time between catching the virus and
beginning to have symptoms of the disease. Most estimates of the incubation
period for COVID-19 range from 1-14 days, most commonly around five days. These
estimates will be updated as more data become available.
Can I
catch COVID-19 from my pet?
No. There is no evidence that companion animals or pets such as cats and
dogs have been infected or could spread the virus that causes COVID-19.
Is there
anything I should not do?
The following measures ARE NOT effective against
COVID-2019 and can be harmful:
- Smoking
- Wearing multiple masks
- Taking antibiotics
In any case, if
you have fever, cough and difficulty breathing seek medical care early to reduce the risk of developing a more severe
infection and be sure to share your recent travel history with your health care
provider.
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